The Dilemma for Female Intellectuals

One of the biggest challenges that we face is “the modern evolutionary conflict,” the conflict between our evolutionary adaptations and our modern environment.  Aside from the obvious geographical change that most people now experience (since most people no longer live in sub-Saharan Africa), the social change is even more radical.  For example, our life expectancy has more than tripled since the appearance of the first humans in an extraordinarily small amount of time, but our brains have not developed to take a half-century of our lives into full perspective.

Both men and women struggle with the many outdated machinery that has been biologically hardwired into us.  However, most women face a unique adversity that men generally don’t: their social statuses are highly dependent on their physical attractiveness, youth being one of the most important.

An intellectually curious woman may want to continue her education by applying to a doctoral program (to become a surgeon, scientist, professor, etc.) but these programs require a considerable amount of time and effort to complete.  Now men also face this problem but they aren’t trading off their most reproductively fertile years the way women do.  A man can hold off having children until he acquires his advanced degree.  His attractiveness to women would most likely increase because his earning potential will increase and his degree would signal intelligence (something that women tend to value more in men than vice versa).  On the other hand, a woman will be close to thirty by the time she gets her doctoral degree.  Not only does she miss her reproductive peak, she will have more and more difficulties bearing children from that point onward.  Men are (at least subconsciously) aware of this and will find the same woman less attractive.

Please note that this does not mean that these women are hopeless.  One of the truly remarkable things about life is that for each person, there is someone.  (It seems that people who do not get married choose not to.)  The point is that their options will be more limited.

       

What can we do to remedy this situation?  One strategy is to provide extra funding and to cut tuition costs for these women pursuing higher education (specifically for graduate, law, medical, and business schools).  Then perhaps having a child could be more affordable for an aspiring or current mother.  Also, she may not have to take on another job and will thus have extra time to meet prospective mates.

Another would be to adopt a system similar to Europe’s.  The option of specialization at an earlier age (e.g. in high school) would lead to younger doctors and other educated professionals.  This way, they can start working by the time they are in their early to mid-twenties.  Of course, an obvious downside is that career changes may become more difficult but there will always be tradeoffs in these situations.

The rate at which technology alters our social circumstances vastly outpaces natural selection’s, placing an unfair burden on women.  Now, I don’t want to overshadow the modern evolutionary conflict that men go through since there are plenty.  In the future, I will discuss some of the important modern evolutionary obstacles that men face today.

Note: The term “modern evolutionary conflict” is one that I simply made up.

Surely You’re Joking, Dr. Freud!

                When people are asked to name famous psychologists, most people can only name one: Sigmund Freud.  On the other hand, hardly any psychologist takes Freud’s ideas seriously.  Freud is more frequently cited by philosophers, literary critics, historians, and social studies scholars.  This is because most of his ideas weren’t scientific yet made a deep impact in modern intellectual discourse.

                Freud began his career as an Austrian neurologist.  He first garnered fame in the medical community for coming up with an “effective” prescription to remedy concentration loss and fatigue, cocaine.  He also frequently used cocaine to help him pursue his clinical research and practice as well as deal with his depression.  Reports of cocaine addiction, abuse, and other health risks began to spread and tainted his reputation as a doctor.  Eventually, he stopped supporting cocaine use although he continued to use it himself.

                Freud’s later work focused on the nature of the unconscious.  He believed that most of human behavior was not conscious and was governed by areas in the brain that were out of our immediate control.  He sought to unlock repressed thoughts through dream interpretation and formulating a theory of psychoanalysis that was heavily based on sexual urges.

The first lasting contributions to the theory of the unconscious were the stages of psychosexual development.  From birth until one year of age, we are in the oral stage.  Our sexual sensations are focused on our mouths.  If you give anything to a newborn, his/her immediate reaction is to place the object into the mouth.  The next stage occurs from one to three years of age, the anal stage.  During this stage, you can either develop the pleasure to retain your feces or the pleasure to expend it.  People who develop the former will be obsessively neat and orderly while those who develop the latter will be disorganized, messy, and possibly coprophiliac.  The phallic stage then occurs from three to six years of age.  This is when boys and girls start to develop their sexualities.  The boy wants to have sex with his mother but realizes that she is taken by his father; the boy develops a fear of having his penis cut off by his father so his anxiety turns into a hatred for his father and desires to kill him; he soon realizes that it is better to befriend and model his father so that one day he can find a woman who is like his mother.  This is called the Oedipus complex.  A girl will develop an Electra complex where she envies her father’s penis and wants to have sex with him but he is taken by her mother; this is basically the female equivalent of the Oedipus complex but penis envy replaces castration anxiety.

                The next additions to his theory were the id, ego, and super-ego.  The id is what we are first born with.  It is the most basic part of our minds that tell us to act on the “pleasure principle,” to seek pleasure and avoid pain.  Then we develop the ego which acts on the “reality principle,” to balance reality with the desires of the id; it provides our common sense and reason.  The last part that we develop is the super-ego which acts on the “moral principle,” to ensure we behave in a socially acceptable and ethical manner.  The super-ego often acts against the id, causing the ego much distress.  A simplified analogy would be the following: the ego is Tom the Cat, id the devil on his left shoulder telling him to eat Jerry the Mouse, and the super-ego is the angel on his right shoulder telling him to let Jerry go.

                Freud attempted to cover almost every aspect of social life in the 20^th century.  His ideas about religion, God, morality, advanced civilizations, fetishes, and psychiatric disorders are still well-known among Western academics.  American feminists and pious Christians frown on him while European feminists and secularists admire him.  Right or wrong, his ideas are worth considering to give you an idea of how to think in a creative and unconventional way.  (To this day, one of the most interesting books I read was his Civilization and Its Discontents.)